12/29/2023 0 Comments Islide location![]() The Chin Coulee landslide is situated on the northern slope of the Chin Coulee reservoir, Southern Alberta. Research over the last decade provides vital information for government agencies, national railway companies, and other stakeholders to understand geohazard risk, predict landslide movement, improve the safety, security, and resilience of Canada’s transportation infrastructure and reduce risks to the economy, environment, natural resources, and public safety. During this interval, river and groundwater levels are at their lowest levels, while ground saturation rapidly increases in response to the thawing of surficial earth materials, and the infiltration of snowmelt and runoff occurs by way of deep-penetrating tension cracks at the head scarp and across the main slide body. Each technique records increased landslide activity and ground displacement in late winter and early spring. Field testing undertaken at Ripley Landslide, near Ashcroft in south-central British Columbia, Canada, demonstrates the applicability of new geospatial technologies to monitoring ground control points (GCPs) and railway infrastructure on a landslide with small and slow annual displacements (<10 cm/yr). A key research question addressed is whether displacement trends captured by a radio-frequency “mobile” d-GNSS network compare with the spatial and temporal patterns in activity indicated by satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. This paper presents a novel approach to continuously monitor very slow-moving translational landslides in mountainous terrain using conventional and experimental differential global navigation satellite system (d-GNSS) technologies. The aim of the paper is to transfer some of the insights gained through these case studies to the reader. The review of the case studies presents a variety of landslide mechanisms and remote sensing technologies. This paper builds upon the extensive literature on the application of remote sensing techniques and discusses practical insights gained from a suite of case studies from the authors’ experience in Western Canada. This includes an improved identification of active landslides in large areas, robust complement to in-place instrumentation for enhanced landslide investigation, and an improved definition of landslide extents and deformation mechanisms. In this regard, remote sensing techniques provide a means for enhancing the monitoring toolbox of the geotechnical engineer. Stabilization of all active slopes is financially challenging given the extensive area where landslides are a possibility, and monitoring and minimization of slope failure consequences becomes an attractive risk management strategy. The fluidity of these corridors is important for the economy of the country and the safety of workers, and users of this infrastructure is paramount. This is particularly the case for highway and railway corridors in Western Canada that connect towns and industries through prairie valleys and the Canadian cordillera. Transportation infrastructure in mountainous terrain and through river valleys is exposed to a variety of landslide phenomena. This paper presents a framework to evaluate the adequacy of different algorithms for minimizing monitoring data scatter. The simple moving average method exhibited significant disadvantages compared to the Gaussian-weighted moving average and Savitzky-Golay approaches. The evaluation utilized six levels of randomly generated scatter on synthetic data, as well as high-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) displacement measurements at the Ten-mile landslide in British Columbia, Canada. This paper evaluates the performance of three filtering methods (simple moving average, Gaussian-weighted moving average, and Savitzky-Golay) and considers their comparative advantages and disadvantages. The effectiveness of EWSs depends on the lag time between the onset of acceleration and its detection by the monitoring system such that a timely warning is issued for the implementation of consequence mitigation strategies. Data filtering methods aim to reduce the scatter and therefore enhance the performance of early warning systems (EWSs). Instrument measurements are, however, obscured by the presence of scatter. Displacement monitoring is a critical control for risks associated with potentially sudden slope failures.
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